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REVISED CARBONATE-WATER ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURE SCALE
Abstract
The relationship between temperature and O^(18) content relative to that for a Cretaceous belemnite of the Pee Dee formation previously reported (Epstein, Buchsbaum, Lowenstam, and Urey, 1951) has been re-determined using modified procedures for removing organic matter from shells, and is found to be \nt(°C) = 16.5 - 4.3δ + 0.14δ^2 \nwhere δ is the difference in per mil of the O^(18) to O^(16) ratio between the sample and reference gas. The new relationship agrees with that determined by McCrea (1950) for inorganically precipitated calcium carbonate. Carbonate-carbon dioxide exchange experiments were done to determine the direct and indirect effects of organic matter in the shell on the mass spectrometer analyses.
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In the citing paper
“This pattern is consistent with temperature-dependent δ 18 O depletion on carbonate minerals at elevated temperatures [103-105].”
From Clumped Isotope Reordering and Kinetic Differences in Co-Hosted Calcite and Dolomite Minerals throughout Burial Diagenesis and Exhumation (2023) · cites this paper as [103]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, the natural observations of Epstein et al. (1953), Behrens and Land (1972) as well as Horibe and Oba (1972) show that calcite is enriched in180 relative to aragonite.”
From Oxygen isotope fractionation in carbonate and sulfate minerals. (1999) · cites this paper as Epstein et al. (1953)
In the citing paper
“after decades of research, there is no consensus on the true equilibrium 18O/16O fractionation between calcite and water (18αcc/w).”
From Most Earth-surface calcites precipitate out of isotopic equilibrium (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“While the natural observations of Epstein et al . (1953), Behrens and Land (1972) as well as Horibe and Oba (1972) show that calcite is enriched in 18 O relative to aragonite”
From On the theoretical calculations of oxygen isotope fractionation factors for carbonate-water systems (2011) · cites this paper as Epstein et al. (1953)
In the citing paper
“These authors showed that true equilibrium calcite-water fractionation values are systematically c. 1.5 ‰ greater than in the (biotic and abiotic) calcites used to derive the more common thermometry equations (e.g. Epstein et al., 1953; Anderson and Arthur, 1983; Kim and O'Neil, 1997 etc.).”
From Unravelling Middle to Late Jurassic palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatic signals in the Hebrides Basin using belemnite clumped isotope thermometry (2020) · cites this paper as Epstein et al., 1953
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Craig, H. (1957) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(57)90024-8 · Cited by 4,170
A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates
Bond, G., Showers, W., Cheseby, M., Lotti, R., Almasi, P., deMenocal, P., Priore, P., Cullen, H., Hajdas, I., & Bonani, G. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5341.1257 · Cited by 2,720
Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene
Bond, G., Kromer, B., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Evans, M. N., Showers, W., Hoffmann, S., Lotti-Bond, R., Hajdas, I., & Bonani, G. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1065680 · Cited by 3,441
Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest
Friedman, I., & O'Neil, J. R. (1977) · Professional Paper · doi:10.3133/pp440kk · Cited by 2,691
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation in Divalent Metal Carbonates
O'Neil, J. R., Clayton, R. N., & Mayeda, T. K. (1969) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1671982 · Cited by 2,549
Metadata
- Authors
- EPSTEIN, S., BUCHSBAUM, R., LOWENSTAM, H. A., & UREY, H. C.
- Venue
- Geological Society of America Bulletin
- Publisher
- Geological Society of America
- Published
- 1953
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1315
- ISSN
- 0016-7606 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051973454
- Semantic Scholar
- 9285f6823fe0c9e6e4d54f12e953d8da91bf18c4
- Cited by
- 2,271
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 14.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geological Society of America Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Keywords
- oxygen-18, paleotemperature, belemnites
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: REVISED CARBONATE-WATER ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURE SCALE. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64%5B1315:rcits%5D2.0.co;2
- The paper
- EPSTEIN, S., BUCHSBAUM, R., LOWENSTAM, H. A., & UREY, H. C. (1953). REVISED CARBONATE-WATER ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURE SCALE. Geological Society of America Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64%5B1315%3Arcits%5D2.0.co%3B2
